Dampak Konvergensi IFRS Di Indonesia

Indonesia akan mengadopsi IFRS secara penuh pada 2012 nanti,. Dengan mengadopsi penuh IFRS, laporan keuangan yang dibuat berdasarkan PSAK tidak memerlukan rekonsiliasi signifikan dengan laporan keuangan berdasarkan IFRS. Namun, perubahan tersebut tentu saja akan memberikan efek di berbagai bidang, terutama dari segi pendidikan dan bisnis.

DAMPAK KONVERGENSI IFRS TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN
Dampak konvergensi IFRS untuk bidang pendidikan antara lain :

1. Perubahan mind stream dari rule-based ke principle-based
2. Banyak menggunakan professional judgement
3. Banyak menggunakan fair value accounting
4. IFRS selalu berubah dan konsep yang digunakan dalam suatu IFRS dapat berbeda dengan IFRS lain
5. Semakin meningkatnya ketergantungan ke profesi lain.
6. Perubahan text-book dari US GAPP ke IFRS.

DAMPAK KONVERGENSI IFRS TERHADAP BISNIS
Selain dampak terhadap dunia pendidikan IFRS juga menimbulkan dampak positif dan negatif terhadap dunia bisnis. Berikut ini adalah berbagai dampak yang ditimbulkan dari program konvergensi IFRS yang disampaikan dalam seminar setengah hari IAI dengan topik \"Dampak konvergensi IFRS terhadap Bisnis\" yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 28 Mei 2009 kemarin :

1. Akses ke pendanaan internasional akan lebih terbuka karena laporan keuangan akan lebih mudah dikomunikasikan ke investor global
2. Relevansi laporan keuangan akan meningkat karena lebih banyak menggunakan nilai wajar.
3. Disisi lain, kinerja keuangan (laporan laba rugi) akan lebih fluktuatif apabila harga-harg fluktuatif.
4. Smoothing income menjadi semakin sulit dengan penggunakan balance sheet approach dan fair value
5. principle-based standards mungkin menyebabkan keterbandingan laporan keuangan sedikit menurun yakni bila penggunaan professional judgment ditumpangi dengan kepentingan untuk mengatur laba (earning management)
6. Penggunaan off balance sheet semakin terbatas

International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS )

IFRS is standard that is used as guide for global financial reprting. Below is short explanation about IFRS. I hope it is useful for Us.

WHAT IS IFRS ?
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are Standards, Interpretations and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (in the absence of a Standard or an Interpretation) adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

HISTORY OF IFRS
Many of the standards forming part of IFRS are known by the older name of International Accounting Standards (IAS). IAS were issued between 1973 and 2001 by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). In 2000 IASC Member Bodies approved IASC\'s restructuring and a new IASC Constitution. In March 2001, IASC Trustees activated Part B of IASC\'s new Constitution and established a non-profit Delaware corporation, named the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation, to oversee the IASB. On 1 April 2001, the new IASB took over from the IASC the responsibility for setting International Accounting Standards. During its first meeting the new Board adopted existing IAS and SICs. The IASB has continued to develop standards calling the new standards IFRS.
STRUCTURE OF IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards comprise:
1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) - standards issued after 2001
2. International Accounting Standards (IAS) - standards issued before 2001
3. Interpretations originated from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) - issued after 2001
4. Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) - issued before 2001

LIST OF IFRS STATEMENTS
The following IFRS statements are currently issued:
1. IFRS 1 First time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards
2. IFRS 2 Share-based Payment
3. IFRS 3 Business Combinations
4. IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts
5. IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
6. IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources
7. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures
8. IFRS 8 Operating Segments
9. IFRS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements
10. IFRS 2: Inventories
11. IFRS 7: Cash Flow Statements
12. IFRS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
13. IFRS 10: Events After the Balance Sheet Date
14. IFRS 11: Construction Contracts
15. IFRS 12: Income Taxes
16. IFRS 14: Segment Reporting (superseded by IFRS 8 on January 1, 2008)
17. IFRS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment
18. IFRS 17: Leases
19. IFRS 18: Revenue
20. IFRS 19: Employee Benefits
21. IFRS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance
22. IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
23. IAS 23: Borrowing Costs
24. IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures
25. IAS 26: Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans
26. IAS 27: Consolidated Financial Statements
27. IAS 28: Investments in Associates
28. IAS 29: Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
29. IAS 31: Interests in Joint Ventures
30. IAS 32: Financial Instruments: Presentation (Financial instruments disclosures are in IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, and no longer in IAS 32)
31. IAS 33: Earnings Per Share
32. IAS 34: Interim Financial Reporting
33. IAS 36: Impairment of Assets
34. IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
35. IAS 38: Intangible Assets (summary)
36. IAS 39: Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
37. IAS 40: Investment Property
38. IAS 41: Agriculture

LIST OF INTERPRETATIONS
1. Preface to International Financial Reporting Interpretations (Updated to January 2006)
2. IFRIC 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities (Updated to January 2006)
3. IFRIC 7 Approach under IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies (Issued February 2006)
4. IFRIC 8 Scope of IFRS 2 (Issued February 2006) - has been eliminated with Amendments issued to IFRS 2
5. IFRIC 9 Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives (Issued April 2006)
6. IFRIC 10 Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment (Issued November 2006)
7. IFRIC 11 IFRS 2-Group and Treasury Share Transactions (Issued November 2006) - has been eliminated with Amendments issued to IFRS 2
8. IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements (Issued November 2006)
9. IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes (Issued in June 2007)
10. IFRIC 14 IAS 19 â€" The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction (issued in July 2007)
11. IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate (issued in July 2008)
12. IFRIC 16 Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation (issued in July 2008)
13. IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash Assets (issued in November 2008)
14. IFRIC 18 Transfers of Assets from Customers (issued in January 2009)
15. SIC 7 Introduction of the Euro (Updated to January 2006)
16. SIC 10 Government Assistance-No Specific Relation to Operating Activities (Updated to January 2006)
17. SIC 12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities (Updated to January 2006)
18. SIC 13 Jointly Controlled Entities-Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers (Updated to January 2006)
19. SIC 15 Operating Leases-Incentives (Updated to January 2006)
20. SIC 21 Income Taxes-Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets (Updated to January 2006)
21. SIC 25 Income Taxes-Changes in the Tax Status of an Entity or its Shareholders (Updated to January 2006)
22. SIC 27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease (Updated to January 2006)
23. SIC 29 Disclosure-Service Concession Arrangements (Updated to January 2006)
24. SIC 31 Revenue-Barter Transactions Involving Advertising Services (Updated to January 2006)
25. SIC 32 Intangible Assets-Web Site Costs (Updated to January 2006)
26. SIC 33 Consolidation and equity method - Potential voting rights and allocation of ownership interests
That is the list of IFRS and the implementations. All of guide for global financial reprting are available in there.

IASB CURRENT PROJECTS
The IASB publishes a work plan setting out projects in progress. Much of its work is directed at convergence with US GAAP, include Indonesia. The convergence process are expected to be finished at 2011 until 2014.

Source : Wikipedia

PROSES KONVERGENSI IFRS DI INDONESIA

IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standard) merupakan pedoman penyusunan laporaan keuangan yang diterima secara global. Sejarah terbentuknya pun cukup panjang dari terbentuknya IASC/ IAFC, IASB, hingga menjadi IFRS seperti sekarang ini. Jika sebuah negara menggunakan IFRS, berarti negara tersebut telah mengadopsi sistem pelaporan keuangan yang berlaku secara global sehingga memungkinkan pasar dunia mengerti tentang laporan keuangan perusahaan di negara tersebut berasal.

Indonesia pun akan mengadopsi IFRS secara penuh pada 2012 nanti, seperti yang dilansir IAI pada peringatan HUT nya yang ke â€" 51. Dengan mengadopsi penuh IFRS, laporan keuangan yang dibuat berdasarkan PSAK tidak memerlukan rekonsiliasi signifikan dengan laporan keuangan berdasarkan IFRS. Adopsi penuh IFRS diharapkan memberikan manfaat :
1. memudahkan pemahaman atas laporan keuangan dengan menggunakan SAK yang dikenal
secara internasional
2. meningkatkan arus investasi global
3. menurunkan biaya modal melalui pasar modal global
dan menciptakan efisiensi penyusunan laporan keuangan

Strategi adopsi yang dilakukan untuk konvergensi ada dua macam, yaitu big bang strategy dan gradual strategy. Big bang strategy mengadopsi penuh IFRS sekaligus, tanpa melalui tahapan â€" tahapan tertentu. Strategi ini digunakan oleh negara â€" negara maju. Sedangkan pada gradual strategy, adopsi IFRS dilakukan secara bertahap. Strategi ini digunakan oleh negara â€" negara berkembang seperti Indonesia.

PSAK akan dikonvergensikan secara penuh dengan IFRS melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap adopsi, tahap persiapan akhir dan tahap implementasi.

Tahap adopsi dilakukan pada periode 2008-2011 meliputi aktivitas adopsi seluruh IFRS ke PSAK, persiapan infrastruktur, evaluasi terhadap PSAK yang berlaku. Pada 2009 proses adopsi IFRS/ IAS mencakup :
1. IFRS 2 Share-based payment
2. IFRS 3 Business combination
3. IFRS 4 Insurance contracts
4. IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
5. IFRS 6 Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources
6. IFRS 7 Financial instruments: disclosures
7. IFRS 8 Segment reporting
8. IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements
9. IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates
10. IAS 12 Income taxes
11. IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
12. IAS 26 Accounting and reporting by retirement benefit plans
13. IAS 27 Consolidated and separate financial statements
14. IAS 28 Investments in associates
15. IAS 31 Interests in joint ventures
16. IAS 36 Impairment of assets
17. IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
18. IAS 38 Intangible assets

Pada 2010 adopsi IFRS/ IAS mencakup :
1. IFRS 7 Statement of Cash Flows
2. IFRS20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance
3. IFRS24 Related Party Disclosures
4. IFRS29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
5. IFRS33 Earnings per Share
6. IFRS34 Interim Financial Reporting
7. IFRS41 Agriculture

Sedangkan arah pengembangan konvergensi IFRS meliputi :
1. PSAK yang sama dengan IFRS akan direvisi, atau akan diterbitkan PSAK yang baru
2. PSAK yang tidak diatur dalam IFRS, maka akan dikembangkan
3. PSAK industri khusus akan dihapuskan
4. PSAK turunan dari UU tetap dipertahankan

Pada 2011 tahap persiapan akhir dilakukan dengan menyelesaikan seluruh infrastruktur yang diperlukan. Pada 2012 dilakukan penerapan pertama kali PSAK yang sudah mengadopsi IFRS. Namun, proses konvergensi ini tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari konvergensi ini akan sangat mempengaruhi semua kalangan, baik itu bidang bisnis maupun pendidikan.

STRUKTUR IFRS

Standar Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional (IFRS) adalah Standar, Interpretasi dan Framework [1] diadopsi oleh Dewan Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IASB).
IFRS dianggap sebagai \"prinsip-prinsip berdasarkan\" set standar di bahwa mereka menetapkan peraturan luas serta perawatan mendikte spesifik.

International Financial Reporting Standards comprise: Standar Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional terdiri dari:

* International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) â€"standards issued after 2001 Standar Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional (IFRS)-standar yang dikeluarkan setelah tahun 2001
* International Accounting Standards (IAS) â€"standards issued before 2001 Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IAS)-standar yang diterbitkan sebelum 2001
* Interpretations originated from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) â€"issued after 2001 Interpretasi berasal dari interpretasi Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional Komite (IFRIC)-diterbitkan setelah tahun 2001
* Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) â€"issued before 2001 Interpretasi Berdiri Komite (SIC)-diterbitkan sebelum 2001
* Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements Kerangka Kerja Persiapan dan Penyajian Laporan Keuangan

IAS 8 Par. IAS 8 Par. 11 11

\"In making the judgement described in paragraph 10, management shall refer to, and consider the applicability of, the following sources in descending order: \"Dalam membuat penilaian yang dijelaskan dalam ayat 10, manajemen harus lihat, dan mempertimbangkan penerapan, sumber-sumber berikut dalam urutan:

(a) the requirements and guidance in Standards and Interpretations dealing with similar and related issues; and (A) persyaratan dan bimbingan dalam Standar dan Interpretasi menangani dan terkait isu-isu semacam itu; dan

(b) the definitions, recognition criteria and measurement concepts for assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the Framework .\" (B) kriteria definisi pengakuan, dan pengukuran konsep untuk aktiva, kewajiban, pendapatan dan beban dalam Kerangka. \"

IFRS

Standar Pelaporan Keuangan Internasional (IFRS) adalah Standar, Interpretasi dan Framework [1] diadopsi oleh Dewan Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IASB).
Banyak standar membentuk bagian dari IFRS dikenal dengan nama yang lebih tua dari Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IAS). IAS were issued between 1973 and 2001 by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). IAS yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1973 dan 2001 oleh Dewan Komite Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IASC). On 1 April 2001, the new IASB took over from the IASC the responsibility for setting International Accounting Standards. Pada tanggal 1 April 2001, IASB baru mengambil alih dari IASC tanggung jawab untuk menetapkan Standar Akuntansi Internasional. During its first meeting the new Board adopted existing IAS and SICs. Selama pertemuan pertama Dewan baru diadopsi IAS yang ada dan SICs. The IASB has continued to develop standards calling the new standards IFRS. The IASB terus mengembangkan standar menyebut standar IFRS baru.